Scientific Study and Literature Credibility List

[Ranger]

Even though there isn't a lot of scientific research or literature on tulpamancy right now, I think having a dedicated, easy-to-find list on what sources are credible and which are not is super important and really useful. In addition, I would like to include links discussing those studies to provide additional context about the study itself and how it was conducted.

 

I would like help sorting out what is credible and what is not. If you can think of anything I missed or you know any additional information about what is out there, please post it in this thread.

 

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List of Credible Studies and Scientific Literature

 

Conjuring Up Our Own Gods

 

NY Times version

 

Daring to Hear Voices

 

Psychology Today version

 

The Stanford Study

 

While not published at this time, here are some links to some of the discussion threads on it:

 

Interest survey thread

Kronkleberry sharing his experiences

 

Enacted Identities: Multiplicity, Plurality, and Tulpamancy

 

Psychology Today version

 

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List of NOT Credible Studies and Scientific Literature

 

Tulpamancy: Transcending the Assumption of Singularity in the Human Mind

 

Research gate publication

 

This is a "scientific article" published by Jade/Fordaplot. The article is passed on as scientific research when in fact it is a survey Jade sent out and got some responses for.

 

This source is not credible because Jade/Fordaplot claimed to have fabricated the information they put out into the tulpa community.

Edited August 19, 2023 by Ranger

[Ranger]

All of the links I currently have in the OP are the links I know for certain. I have a few other links I want to go over, notably everything Zone posted on Discord.

 

I'm aware Fordaplot claimed everything they participated in they forged results or acted in bad faith, making everything they had a hand in suspect at best. I want to double check what those sources are before listing them as not credible

 

For fair warning, I'll update this list a lot too-

 

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Tulpamancy: Transcending the Assumption of Singularity in the Human Mind

 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310460591_Tulpamancy_Transcending_the_Assumption_of_Singularity_in_the_Human_Mind

 

Was this made with Fordaplot?

 

 

In trying to find information on the article "Critiquing the Requirement of Oneness over Multiple", I found this Reddit thread mentioning that study. I'm on my phone and I'll need more time to look at it-

 

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Tulpas/comments/4sq7js/plural_activism/&ved=2ahUKEwjB6M6Ly6f2AhUSnGoFHZQwBCsQFnoECA0QAQ&usg=AOvVaw0zHLCmf6e2cgiIoO6s4QJE

Edited March 2, 2022 by Ranger

[Yakumo]

8 hours ago, Ranger said:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310460591_Tulpamancy_Transcending_the_Assumption_of_Singularity_in_the_Human_Mind

 

Was this made with Fordaplot?

It was made by Fordaplot.

 

8 hours ago, Ranger said:

trying to find information on the article "Critiquing the Requirement of Oneness over Multiple"

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228978385_Critiquing_the_Requirement_of_Oneness_over_Multiplicity_An_Examination_of_Dissociative_Identity_Disorder_in_Five_Clinical_Texts

[ZephIsAFluffyFox]

Daring to hear voices was a really good article! I'm really impressed by it.

[Seteleechete]

I have been trying to keep a list updated here for a while https://www.reddit.com/r/Tulpas/wiki/studies. Well I am sure there are still things I missed and some are indirect on tangentially linked. Been thinking of structuring things more and also adding a lot more tangential things under sub sections(such as tulpa like phenomena, general non-DID plurality, imaginary friends/writing characters and maybe even user surveys/theories like bduddys switching one https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wnp7bIrnCCmusFBJNPiSkWvl9szAGJgyxEiKnKRUxNc/edit or my tulpa time one https://new.reddit.com/r/Tulpas/comments/kd81ia/results_tulpa_creation_time_by_factor/). 

 

Spoiler

• THE ILLUSION OF INDEPENDENT AGENCY: DO ADULT FICTION WRITERS EXPERIENCE THEIR CHARACTERS AS HAVING MINDS OF THEIR OWN? MARJORIE TAYLOR, SARA D. HODGES, and ADELE KOHANYI. University of Oregon, Eugene 2003
• Taylor, Marjorie; Mannering, Anne M.: Of Hobbles and Harvey : The Imaginary Companions Created by Children and Adults." Play and Development: Evolutionary, Sociocultural and Functional Perspectives, Pg 227-249, 2007
• Samuel Veissière, 2014: Talking to Tulpas: Sentient Imaginary Friends, the Social Mind, and implications for Culture and Cognition Research
• Samuel Vessiere, Apr. 3rd 2015: Varieties of Tulpa Experiences: Sentient Imaginary Friends, Embodied Joint Attention, and Hypnotic Sociality in a Wired World
• Mikles, Natasha L.; Laycock, Joseph P.: Tracking the Tulpa : Exploring the “Tibetan” Origins of a Contemporary Paranormal Idea. Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, Vol. 19, No. 1, Pg 87-97, August 2015
• Joffe, Ben: "Paranormalizing the Popular through the Tibetan Tulpa: Or what the next Dalai Lama, the X Files and Affect Theory (might) have in common" in Savage Minds : Notes and Queries in Anthropology (U.S.A., Feb' 13, 2016).
• Neuroholographic Organisms: An Independent Study of Sentient Thoughtforms, by Graeme C. Nash, 2016
• Powers, Albert R III et al. “Hallucinations as top-down effects on perception.” Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging vol. 1,5 (2016): 393-400.
• Tulpas and Mental Health: A Study of Non-Traumagenic Plural Experiences, by J. Isler, 2017
• Ribáry, Gergő et al. “Multiplicity: An Explorative Interview Study on Personal Experiences of People with Multiple Selves.” Frontiers in psychology vol. 8 938. 13 Jun. 2017
• Fernyhough, Charles, et al. "Imaginary companions, inner speech and auditory verbal hallucinations: What are the relations?." Frontiers in psychology 10 (2019): 1665.
• Tacikowski, Pawel, Marieke L. Weijs, and H. Henrik Ehrsson. "Perception of Our Own Body Influences Self-Concept and Self-Incoherence Impairs Episodic Memory." Iscience 23.9 (2020)
• Foxwell, John, et al. "‘I’ve learned I need to treat my characters like people’: Varieties of agency and interaction in Writers’ experiences of their Characters’ Voices." Consciousness and Cognition 79 (2020).
• Martin, Anna, et al. “Personality Characteristics of Tulpamancers and Their Tulpas.” PsyArXiv, 11 May 2020. Web.
• Frana, Philip L. "Believing in Bits: Digital Media and the Supernatural." (2021): 301-305.
• Somer, Eli, et al. "Reality shifting: psychological features of an emergent online daydreaming culture." Current Psychology (2021): 1-13.
• Luhrmann, Tanya M., et al. "Learning to Discern the Voices of Gods, Spirits, Tulpas, and the Dead." Schizophrenia Bulletin 49.Supplement_1 (2023): S3-S12.

Edited May 2, 2023 by Seteleechete
Edited to remove white background

[ringgggg]

14 hours ago, Seteleechete said:

I have been trying to keep a list updated here for a while https://www.reddit.com/r/Tulpas/wiki/studies. Well I am sure there are still things I missed and some are indirect on tangentially linked. Been thinking of structuring things more and also adding a lot more tangential things under sub sections(such as tulpa like phenomena, general non-DID plurality, imaginary friends/writing characters and maybe even user surveys/theories like bduddys switching one https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wnp7bIrnCCmusFBJNPiSkWvl9szAGJgyxEiKnKRUxNc/edit or my tulpa time one https://new.reddit.com/r/Tulpas/comments/kd81ia/results_tulpa_creation_time_by_factor/). 

This is incredible, man. Props to your work hunting all these down.

[Seteleechete]

Further articles added to the list since last time. 

 

Palmer-Cooper, E., McGuire, N., & Wright, A. (2022). Unusual experiences and their association with metacognition: investigating ASMR and Tulpamancy. Cognitive neuropsychiatry, 27(2-3), 86-104.

Davies, J. (2023). Explaining the illusion of independent agency in imagined persons with a theory of practice. Philosophical Psychology, 36(2), 337-355.

Fernyhough, C., Watson, A., Bernini, M., Moseley, P., & Alderson-Day, B. (2019). Imaginary companions, inner speech, and auditory verbal hallucinations: what are the relations?. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1665.

 

I like the davies article in particular(it specifies tulpas specifically as well as other forms of similar autonomy and shares many of my thoughts about autonomous actions of the brain) but unfortunately I couldn't find a free public example of that one. 

[ArthurPandragon]

Wow! Thank you all for those numerous docs, I will read them with interest especially "Unusual experiences and their association with metacognition: investigating ASMR and Tulpamancy". I am furthermore interested by this one for I have wondered since my experience if triggers can initiate tulpamancy/soulbonding like ASMR.

[Ranger]

I regret actually starting this list tonight. I added a couple articles to the OP.

 

I have not yet touched @Seteleechete's list. I'm assuming given all of the work they put in it's probably fine, but when I get the chance I'll cross check it just in case Jade tainted anything on that list. A long overdue thank you very much!